Planning Suggestions
• Draw the area to be paved using graph paper.
• A scale of 1:50 will allow direct use of the drawings on pages 142-143.
• Use dimensions that minimise cuts to paving.
• Paving surface must be at least 150mm below the damp course in any adjacent wall.
• Provide a gradient of 1:40 or steeper, towards adequate drainage.
Paving Installation
• This is heavy work, requiring specific skills, tools and experience.
• Before starting, refer to suitable professional advice, publications or websites.
• The following advice assumes you have acquired a basic knowledge of what is required, including health and safety precautions.
Foundations
• These depend on ground conditions and expected use.
• For light pedestrian use on solid, even ground, 40mm compacted sharp sand may be adequate.
• For less stable or wet ground, provide 100mm well compacted hardcore beneath the sand.
• For domestic driveways, increase the hardcore depth to 150mm. For Paviors follow the Pavior Laying Guide; for Flagstones follow the section headed Driveways.
Groundworks
• Mark out the area and dig out to the required total depth.
• Tap in wooden pegs to show the levels for the finished surface including the required gradients.
• Infill the appropriate foundations and remove the pegs before laying the paving.
• For Rio Paving, and all Paviors, follow Pavior Laying Guide.
• For all other paving (including Rio if preferred), follow Paving Flag Laying Guide.
To ensure you are complying with SUDs legislation correct drainage must be installed when anything other than Permeapave or Drivegrid is chosen. For a comprehensive guide to installing Permeapave ,Rio Permeapave and Trident Permeapave we would strongly advise referring to the Stonemarket Permeapave Technical Installation Guide, available by calling 0345 302 0603 or at www.stonemarket.co.uk.
Edge Restraint
• Paviors must be surrounded by a firm edge restraint to stop the blocks and sand layer from creeping.
• Kerbs and driveway edgings are usually best, but walls, decorative edgings or the paviors themselves can also be used as restraints.
• Lay the restraint on a concrete bed, haunching kerbs or edgings in concrete and allow to cure and strengthen before any vibration.
• Kerbs must be installed 1/3 into the ground.
Screeding
• Screed out a layer of coarse concreting sand to a depth of 35mm on the excavated area and within the edging.
• Compact the sand with a plate vibrator.
• Add more sand and screed off to give a firmly compacted thickness of 50mm. (One tonne of sand covers about 8m2.)
Laying
• Start from a corner or long edge and proceed along one laying face. Place individual blocks vertically onto the sand bed according to the pattern.
• It is important to mix blocks from at least 3 packs to achieve a good blend of shades.
• Use stringlines and adjust the width of joints to within 2-5mm to ensure the lines in the pattern remain straight.
Cutting
• For a lot of cutting, use a mechanical block splitter or power cutter with an appropriate diamond blade.
• When cutting the blocks it is important to ensure that once cut with water the block has been perfectly cleaned before installing.
• Avoid cutting and laying blocks less than a quarter of their original size.
Vibrating
• Using a stiff broom, brush kiln dried sand over the paviors to fill the joints to ensure stability during initial vibration.
• Jointing sand should be introduced before initial vibration and a rubber facing matting on the vibrating plate should be used.
• After ensuring the surface is clean, vibrate the paving to induce the sand in the joints.
• Top up the joints with kiln dried sand if necessary. Sweep the surface and then pass the vibrator over the whole area several times to level the paviors.
• Brush more kiln dried sand over the area to ensure all joints are topped up and make one more pass with the vibrator. The paving is then ready for immediate use.
(A) BEACHSIDE SETTS, TRUSTONE PAVIORS, ELEMENTAL PAVIORS, RIO PAVIORS, RIO PERMEAPAVE
We recommend using a rubber mat when vibrating to protect undulating surfaces.
(B) BEACHSIDE SETTS, TRUSTONE PAVIORS, ELEMENTAL PAVIORS
Please refer to our installation recommendations for laying on a flexible bed with spacers. For certain driveway installations laying on a mortar bed may be more appropriate.
(C) TRIDENT PAVIORS
Please note Trident Paviors mixed size packs have a slightly different finish to that of Trident single size packs manufactured in Scotland, and therefore should not be used together.
(D) TEMPLETON , MILLSTONE & SANDSFORD DRIVEWAY SETTS
• It is essential that the Millstone, Templeton and Sandsford Driveway Setts installation guidelines are followed
• A soil test to check ground and permeability conditions should be completed prior to installation
• The Millstone, Templeton and Sandsford Driveway Setts systems are not always suitable for poor ground conditions, such as heavy clay areas. We would recommend that you contact us prior to installation for further advice if ground conditions are not ideal
• Millstone, Templeton and Sandsford Driveway Setts must be installed with a solid edge restraint around the perimeter to retain the driveway
• Millstone, Templeton and Sandsford Driveway Setts units must come into full contact with the adjoining block when laid
• Stonemarket does not recommend installing Millstone, Templeton or Sandsford Driveway Setts on a radius
• For driveways with an incline of 15? or more or that has specific installation design requirements, please contact Stonemarket Technical Advisory Service 0345 302 0603
• Millstone, Templeton and Sandsford Driveway Setts blocks come with a protective transportation seal which wears off to reveal the slightly, lighter true colour
• The correct amount of jointing compound is supplied with every pack of Millstone, Templeton and Sandsford Driveway Setts
• After installation, scratches may be visible in the transportation seal. This will weather as the seal dissipates but care should be taken to reduce this during installation
• For more technical information or assistance, please contact our Technical Advisory Team 0345 302 0603 or visit www.stonemarket.co.uk where you can download full installation details
(E) DRIVEGRID
• A the full sub base construction diagram can be found on page 136.
• In all cases use an edge restraint, this should be installed 5mm from the edge of your Drivegrid to allow for expansion.
• Fill with angular gravel 6 - 10mm.
• Coverage allows for a 10mm layer of angular gravel spread on top of the finished cell height.
• There is no need to compact.
(F) PAVEDRIVE PLUS
• Take blocks from the horizontal layer rather than the vertical column to ensure the correct colour blend.
(G) VECTA
• A full layer of kiln dried sand should be deposited before compaction any takes place making sure blocks are completely covered.
Health & Safety
Mixing Mortar
Dry or damp cement and wet concrete or mortar can cause irritation and burns to the eyes and skin. Suitable eye protection and PVC gloves should be worn. If contact with the eyes or skin occurs, irrigate or wash off with plenty of water. If irritation or burning persists, seek immediate medical attention.
Cutting
Using high speed cutters on concrete and stone products produces dust and water suppression must be used. If dust is inhaled in excessive amounts over a long period this may cause longterm health problems. Suitable safety goggles and a dust mask should be worn.
Manual Handling
Most of our products are abrasive and heavy, some are very heavy. Appropriate handling precautions include wearing protective gloves and footwear and obtaining mechanical assistance when moving items weighing over 20kg.
Safety Data Sheets
Available by calling 0345 302 0603.
www.stonemarket.co.uk/healthandsafety
Mixing Mortar
Dry or damp cement and wet concrete or mortar can cause irritation and burns to the eyes and skin. Suitable eye protection and PVC gloves should be worn. If contact with the eyes or skin occurs, irrigate or wash off with plenty of water. If irritation or burning persists, seek immediate medical attention.
Cutting
Using high speed cutters on concrete and stone products produces dust and water suppression must be used. If dust is inhaled in excessive amounts over a long period this may cause longterm health problems. Suitable safety goggles and a dust mask should be worn.
Manual Handling
Most of our products are abrasive and heavy, some are very heavy. Appropriate handling precautions include wearing protective gloves and footwear and obtaining mechanical assistance when moving items weighing over 20kg.
Safety Data Sheets
Available by calling 0345 302 0603.
www.stonemarket.co.uk/healthandsafety
• Keep pavior joints well filled with kiln dried sand.
• Pressure washers and chemical cleaners are not recommended on any of our products particularly reconstituted stone, natural limestone and Arctic Granite Midnight.
• Many common patio cleaners and brick acids are hydrochloric acid based and are not appropriate on most of our products including sandstone.
• To clean, wet thoroughly with lukewarm soapy water and use a stiff hard broom.
• Never use common salt to de-ice reconstituted stone or limestone. Alternative products are available, specially formulated for this purpose.
• Light coloured natural stone and concrete blocks, whilst structurally sound for use on driveways, may emphasise tyre marks and oil spills on the driveway and may require more maintenance to maintain appearance.
Coatings/Sealants
If a coating or sealant is used make sure paving is completely dry and free of efflorescence before applying. Responsibility for the performance of any coating rests with the user and the manufacturer of the coating. Always read the instructions carefully and first test a small area for colour and slip resistance, wet and dry. For further advice refer to our sales office.
WE DO NOT USUALLY RECOMMEND THE USE OF COATINGS AND SEALANTS.
